Math Editor Reference Sheets
Greek Characters
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+greek+letters
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\alpha
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\Alpha
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\beta
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\Beta
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\gamma
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\Gamma
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\delta
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\Delta
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\epsilon
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\varepsilon
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??
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\E
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\zeta
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\Zeta
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\eta
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\Eta
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\theta
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\Theta
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\iota
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\Iota
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\kappa
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\Kappa
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\lambda
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\Lambda
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\mu
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\Mu
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\nu
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\Nu
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\xi
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\Xi
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\omicron
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O
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\pi
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\varpi
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\Pi
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\rho
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\varrho
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\Rho
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\sigma
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\varsigma
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\Sigma
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\tau
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\Tau
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\upsilon
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\Upsilon or \Upsi
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\phi
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\varphi
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\Phi
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\chi
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X
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\psi
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\Psi
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\omega
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\Omega
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Archaic Letters and Other Symbols
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Command
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Result
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\backepsilon
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??
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\digamma
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??
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\mho
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??
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?? Wrong character
Operators
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+operators
|
Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\amalg
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\clubsuit
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\angle
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??
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\diamondsuit
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\measuredangle
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??
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\heartsuit
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\sphericangle
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??
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\spadesuit
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\approx
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\circ
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\approxeq
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??
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\bigcirc
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\thickapprox
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??
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\cong
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??
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\asymp
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\ncong
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??
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\backslash
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\dagger
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\because
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??
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\ddagger
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\between
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??
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\dashv
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\bottom = \bot
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\Vdash
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\boxminus = \minusb
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??
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\vDash
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\boxplus = \plusb
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??
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\nvDash
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??
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\boxtimes = \timesb
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??
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\VDash
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\bowtie
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\nVdash
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??
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\bullet
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\vdash
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\cap
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\nvdash
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??
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\cup
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\Vvdash
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??
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\cdot
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\Diamond
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\diamond
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\gg
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\div
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\ggg
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\equiv
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\geq = \ge
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\eqcirc
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\ngeq
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\neq (\ne)
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\geqq
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\Bumpeq
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\ngeqq
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\bumpeq
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\geqslant
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\circeq
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??
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\ngeqslant
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\doteq
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\eqslantgtr
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\doteqdot
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\gneq
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\fallingdotseq
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\gneqq
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\risingdotseq
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\gnapprox
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??
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\exists
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\gnsim
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\nexists
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\gtrapprox
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\flat
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\gtrsim
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\forall
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\gtrdot
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??
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\frown
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\gtreqless
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??
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\gt
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\gtreqqless
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??
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\ngtr
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\gtrless
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\gvertneqq
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\lesseqgtr
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??
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\in
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\lesseqqgtr
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??
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\notin
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\lessgtr
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\ni
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\lesssim
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\notni
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\lnapprox
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??
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\lhd
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\lneq
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??
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\unlhd
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\lneqq
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??
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\lt
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\lnsim
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\nless
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??
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\ltimes
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\ll
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\lvertneqq
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\lll
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??
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\lozenge
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\leq = \le
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??
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\blacklozenge
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\nleq
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??
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\mid = \shortmid
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\leqq
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??
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\nmid
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\nleqq
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??
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\nshortmid
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\leqslant
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??
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\models
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\nleqslant
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??
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\multimap
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\eqslantless
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??
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\nabla = \Del
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\lessapprox
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\natural
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\lessdot
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\not = \neg
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\odot
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\curlyeqprec
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??
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\odash = \circleddash
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\precsim
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\otimes
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\precnsim
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\oplus
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\prime
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\parallel
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\backprime
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??
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\nparallel
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\propto
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\shortparallel
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\varpropto
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\nshortparallel
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\rhd
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\partial
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\unrhd
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\perp
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\rtimes
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\pitchfork
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\setminus
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\pm
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\smallsetminus
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\mp
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\sharp
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\prec
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\sim
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\nprec
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\nsim
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\precapprox
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\backsim
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\precnapprox
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\simeq
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\preceq
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\backsimeq
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\npreceq
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\thicksim
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\preccurlyeq
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\smile
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\subset
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\succnsim
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\nsubset
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??
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\supset
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\subseteq
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\nsupset
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\nsubseteq
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\supseteq
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\subseteqq
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\nsupseteq
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\nsubseteqq
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\supseteqq
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\subsetneq
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\supsetneq
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\subsetneqq
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\supsetneqq
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\varsubsetneq
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\varsupsetneq
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\varsubsetneqq
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\varsupsetneqq
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\Subset
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\Supset
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\succ
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\square = \Box
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\nsucc
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\blacksquare = \qed
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\succeq
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\sqcup
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\nsucceq
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\sqcap
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\succapprox
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\sqsubset
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\succnapprox
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\sqsubseteq
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\succcurlyeq
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\sqsupset
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\curlyeqsucc
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\sqsupseteq
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\succsim
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\star
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\bigstar
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??
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\blacktriangle
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\therefore
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\blacktriangledown
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\times
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\bigtriangleup
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\top
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\bigtriangledown
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\triangle
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\uplus
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\triangledown
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\vee
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\triangleleft
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\wedge
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\triangleright
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\wr
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Fractions superscripts and subscripts
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+fractions+superscripts+and+subscripts
|
Command
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Result
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\frac{x}{y}
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\tfrac{x}{y}
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\binom{m}{n}
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??
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{x over y}
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{x \atop y}
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\sum_{\substack{0 \leq i \leq n \\ 0 \leq j \leq m}}A_{ij}
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??
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\overset{u}{\overbrace{w x y z}}
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\underset{u}{\underbrace{v w x y z}}
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\underset{x y z}{\longrightarrow}
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\overset{x y z}{\to}
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\stackrel{x y z}{\to}
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\underoverset{x y z}{2}{\Rightarrow}
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\tensor{X}{_i_j^k^l}
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\multiscripts{^2_0_1}{X}{^j_i_k}
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\sqrt{\frac{a x +b}{c x + d}}
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\root{n}{x}
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\mathop{plim}{X_n}
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Arrows
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+arrows
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\rigtharrow = \to
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\Leftrigtharrow
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\longrigtharrow
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\Longleftrightarrow = \iff
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\Rigtharrow = \implies
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\nearrow
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\hookrigtharrow = \embedsin
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\nwarrow
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\mapsto = \map
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\searrow
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\leftarrow
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\swarrow
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\longleftarrow
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\neArrow
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\Leftarrow = \impliedby
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\nwArrow
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\hookleftarrow
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\seArrow
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\leftrightarrow
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\swArrow
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Command
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Result
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Command
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Result
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\downarrow = \darr
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\dashleftarrow
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\Downarrow
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\dashrightarrow
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\uparrow = \uparr
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\curvearrowleft
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\Uparrow
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\curvearrowbotright
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\downuparrow =\duparr
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\updarr
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\Updownarrow
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\leftleftarrows
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\leftsquigarrow
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\leftrightarrows
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\rightsquigarrow
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??
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\righttoleftarrow
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\leftrightsquigarrow
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??
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\lefttorightarrow
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\upuparrows
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??
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\circlearrowleft
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\rightleftarrows
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??
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\circlearrowright
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\rightrightarrows
|
??
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Delimiters
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+delimiters
|
Command
|
Result
|
Command
|
Result
|
(x)
|
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\uparrow
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[x]
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\downarrow
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\langle x \rangle = \lang x \rang
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\updownarrow
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\lbrace x \rbrace =
\{ x \}
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x \vert y
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\lceil x \rceil
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\Vert x \Vert
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\lfloor x \rfloor
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x/y
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Symbols
based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+symbols
|
Command
|
Result
|
Command
|
Result
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\aleph
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\eth
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\beth
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\Re
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\ell
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\wp
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\hbar
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\infty = \infinity
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\Im
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\empty = \emptyset
|
??
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\imath
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\varnothing
|
??
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\jmath
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|
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Large Math operators and Integrals
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+large+operators
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Command
|
Result
|
Command
|
Result
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\bigcup (\Union)
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\coprod = \coproduct
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\bigcap (\Intersection)
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\prod = \product)
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\bigodot
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\sum
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\bigoplus (\Oplus)
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\int = \integral
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\bigotimes (\Otimes)
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\iint = \doubleintegral
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\bigsqcup
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\iiint = \tripleintegral
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\biguplus
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\iiiint = \quadrupleintegral
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\bigwedge (\Wedge)
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\oint = \conint = \contourintegral
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\bigvee (\Vee)
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Strechiness?
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\prod_{n=0}^\infty{\left(\frac{z^n-1}{z^n+1}\right)}^{-n}
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{\int e^{-\sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}} d x}
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\int e^{-\sqrt{\frac{a x + b}{c x + d}}} d x
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{\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x^n}{\left(1- \frac{1}{x^n}\right)}}
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\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x^n}{\left(1- \frac{1}{x^n}\right)}
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{\prod_{n=0}^\infty{\left(\frac{z^n-1}{z^n+1}\right)}^{-n}}
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Punctuation
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+punctuation
Dots
|
Command
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Result
|
Command
|
Result
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\dots
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\ddots
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\ldots
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\udots
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\cdots
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\vdots
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Spaces
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Command
|
Result
|
Command
|
Result
|
a \, b, a \thinspace b
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a \qquad b
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a \: b, a \medspace b
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a \! b, a \negspace b
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a \; b, a \thickspace b
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A + B \phantom{+ C} + D
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a \quad b
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\left( \space{5}{0}{20} \right)
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Note: the command \space{ht}{dp}{wd} creates a space of height ht, baseline depth dp, and width wd where ht and dp are measured in tenths of an ex (the height of the letter x) and wd is measured in tenths of an em (the width of the letter M).
Accents
|
Command
|
Result
|
Command
|
Result
|
\bar{x}
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\tilde{x}
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\overline{a b c}
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\widetilde{a b c}
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= \closure{a b c}
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\check{x}
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= \widebar{a b c}
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\widecheck{a b c}
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\vec{x}
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\hat{x}
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\widevec{a b c}
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\widehat{a b c}
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\dot{x}
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\slash{D}
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\ddot{x}
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Sizes and Styles
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+sizes+and+styles
Sizes
|
Command
|
Result
|
Command
|
Result
|
\displaystyle{\prod}
|
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\scriptsize{\prod}
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\textstyle{\prod}
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\scriptscriptsize{\prod}
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\textsize{\prod}
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Styles
|
Command
|
Result
|
\mathit{A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z}
|
|
\mathbf{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} = \boldsymbol{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
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\mathrm{A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z}
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\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
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\mathbb{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
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\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ} = \mathfr{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
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|
\mathfrak{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
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\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
|
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\mathcal{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}
|
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Environments
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+environments
Matrices
|
Type
|
Command
|
Result
|
No delimiters
|
\begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{matrix}
|
|
Parenthesis
|
\begin{pmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{pmatrix}
|
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Bracketed
|
\begin{bmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{bmatrix}
|
|
Braces
|
\begin{Bmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{Bmatrix}
|
|
Vertical bars
|
\begin{vmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{vmatrix}
|
|
Double vertical bars
|
\begin{Vmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{Vmatrix}
|
|
Small
|
\begin{smallmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} \end{smallmatrix}
|
|
Alignment
|
Type
|
Command
|
Result
|
Cases
|
f(x|\lambda) = \begin{cases} \lambda e^{-\lambda x} & x \geq 0, \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}
|
|
Aligned
|
\begin{aligned} y_1 &= \beta_{11} + \beta_{12} x + \varepsilon_1 \\ y_2 &= \alpha_{21} y_1 + \beta_{21} + \beta_{22} x + \varepsilon_2 \end{aligned}
|
|
Gathered
|
\begin{gathered} y_1 = \beta_{11} + \beta_{12} x + \varepsilon_1 \\ y_2 = \alpha_{21} y_1 + \beta_{21} + \beta_{22} x + \varepsilon_2 \end{gathered}
|
|
Split
|
\begin{split} \mathop{E}\frac{\partial \ln L}{\partial \theta} &=\mathop{E}\left[\frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta}\right]\\ &=\int\left[\frac{1}{L} \frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta}\right] L\;dz\\ &=\int\frac{\partial L}{\partial \theta}\;dz \end{split}
|
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Colors
Based on http://xbeta.org/wiki/show/itex+colors
Named HTML colors are supported: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow as well as RGB hexadecimal colors of the form #rgb or #rrggbb.
Foreground
|
Command
|
Result
|
a { b \color{red} c \color{#0F0} d } e
|
|
Background
|
Command
|
Result
|
a {b \bgcolor{red} c \bgcolor{#0F0} d } e
|
|
{\bgcolor{red} a b} c {\bgcolor{#0F0}d e}
|
|
Foreground + Background
|
Command
|
Result
|
{\bgcolor{red} a b c \color{white}defg} h {\bgcolor{#0F0}i j \color {red} k l}
|
|